Kunezigaba ezine zamabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali

 

Yiziphi izigaba ezineamabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali?

1. I-Teflon

 

Igama lokuhweba le-PTFE lithi “Teflon”, i-PTFE elula noma i-F4, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi inkosi yamapulasitiki.Ingenye yezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala emhlabeni namuhla.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amapayipi egesi ewuketshezi, izishintshisi zokushisa nokunye ukuxhumana kwemishini yokuqukethwe.Impahla yokuvala ekahle.

 

I-Tetrafluoroethylene ingenye yezinto ezihamba phambili zokumelana nokugqwala emhlabeni namuhla, ngakho-ke inedumela elithi "Plastic King".Ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhemikhali isikhathi eside, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuxazulule izinkinga eziningi kumakhemikhali wezwe lami, i-petroleum, imithi kanye neminye imikhakha.Izigxivizo ze-Teflon, ama-gaskets, ama-gaskets.Izigxivizo ze-Polytetrafluoroethylene, ama-gaskets, nama-gaskets wokuvala zenziwe nge-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene resin.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki, i-PTFE inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokumelana namakhemikhali nokumelana nokushisa.Isetshenziswe kabanzi njengento yokuvala kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa.

 

Kuyinhlanganisela ye-polymer eyakhiwe yi-polymerization ye-tetrafluoroethylene.Inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukungangeni komoya, ukugcoba okuphezulu, ukunganamatheli, ukufakwa kukagesi nokumelana kahle nokuguga.Ingasebenza isikhathi eside ekushiseni kuka +250kuze -180.Ngaphandle kwe-sodium encibilikisiwe yensimbi ne-fluorine ewuketshezi, ingamelana nawo wonke amanye amakhemikhali.Ngeke ishintshe uma ibilisiwe ku-aqua regia.

 

Njengamanje, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-PTFE zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke njengemboni yamakhemikhali, imishini, izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, imboni yezempi, i-aerospace, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo namabhuloho.insimbi engagqwali isikulufu

 

2. I-carbon fiber

 

I-Carbon fiber iyi-fibrous carbon material ene-carbon content engaphezu kuka-90%.I-C/C eyinhlanganisela yezinto ezakhiwe ngayo kanye ne-resin ingenye yezinto ezimelana nokugqwala.

 

I-Carbon fiber iwuhlobo olusha lwefayibha yamandla aphezulu, ephezulu-modulus enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kwama-95%.Kuyi-microcrystalline graphite material etholwe ngokunqwabelanisa i-flake graphite microcrystals neminye imicu ephilayo eduze kwe-fiber axial direction, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-carbonization kanye ne-graphitization.I-Carbon fiber "iyaguquguquka ngaphandle futhi iqinile ngaphakathi".Ikhwalithi yayo ilula kune-aluminium yensimbi, kodwa amandla ayo aphezulu kunawensimbi.Iphinde ibe nezici zokumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-modulus ephezulu.Kuyinto ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezwe, kwezempi kanye nezicelo zomphakathi.Ayigcini nje ngokuba nezici zemvelo zezinto ze-carbon, kodwa futhi ine-processability ethambile ye-textile fibers.Kuyisizukulwane esisha semicu eqinisayo.

 

I-Carbon fiber inezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu.I-Carbon fiber inamandla aphezulu e-axial kanye ne-modulus, ukuminyana okuphansi, ukusebenza okuqondile okuphezulu, akukho kukhahlaza, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu endaweni engafaki i-oxidizing, ukumelana kahle nokukhathala, nokushisa kwayo okukhethekile kanye nokuhamba kukagesi kuphakathi kokungeyona insimbi nokungeyona metallic.Phakathi kwezinsimbi, i-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo incane futhi i-anisotropic, ukumelana nokugqwala kuhle, futhi ukudluliswa kwe-X-ray kuhle.Ukusebenza kahle kukagesi nokushisayo, ukuvikela okuhle kwe-electromagnetic, njll.

 

Uma kuqhathaniswa nefayibha yengilazi evamile, i-modulus ye-Young ye-carbon fiber ingaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-3;uma kuqhathaniswa nefayibha ye-Kevlar, i-modulus ye-Young cishe izikhathi ezi-2, futhi ayivuvukali noma ivuvukele kuzinyibilikisi zemvelo, ama-asidi, nama-alkali.Ukumelana nokugqwala okuvelele.

 

3. i-copper oxide

 

I-Copper oxide njengamanje iyinto ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala.ISweden ibilokhu ihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke emkhakheni wokulahlwa kwemfucuza yenuzi.Manje izwe's ochwepheshe basebenzisa isitsha esisha esenziwe nge-copper oxide ukugcina imfucuza yenuzi, engaqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuphephile iminyaka eyi-100,000.

 

I-Copper oxide iyi-oxide emnyama yethusi, i-amphiphilic kancane futhi i-hygroscopic kancane.Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene singu-79.545, ukuminyana kungu-6.3~6.9 g/cm3, futhi indawo yokuncibilika ingu-1326..Ayincibiliki emanzini ne-ethanol, incibilika ku-asidi, i-ammonium chloride nesisombululo se-potassium cyanide.Incibilika kancane kusixazululo se-ammonia futhi ingasabela nge-alkali enamandla.I-Copper oxide isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-rayon, i-ceramics, glazes nama-enamel, amabhethri, i-petroleum desulfurizers, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ama-catalysts, nengilazi eluhlaza.

 

4. iplatinum

 

I-Platinum izinzile kumakhemikhali futhi ayihlangani ne-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-sulfuric acid nama-asidi e-organic ekamelweni lokushisa.Ibizwa ngokuthi "insimbi engagqwali kakhulu", kodwa iyancibilika ku-aqua regia.I-Titanium kulula ukwenza ifilimu evikelayo ezinzile ye-titanium oxide, ngakho-ke ishubhu lokupholisa le-titanium libhekwa njengelingenakho ukugqwala nokuguguleka.

 

IPlatinum iyinsimbi eyigugu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo.IPlatinum yakhanyisa ukukhanya okukhazimulayo emlandweni wempucuko yabantu kusukela ngo-700 BC.Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,000 abantu besebenzisa iplatinamu, ibilokhu ithathwa njengenye yezinsimbi eziyigugu kakhulu.

 

Imvelo ye-platinum izinzile kakhulu, ngeke yonakale noma iphele ngenxa yokugqoka kwansuku zonke, futhi ukukhanya kwayo kuhlale kufana.Ngisho noma ihlangana nezinto ezivamile ezine-asidi ekuphileni, njengesulfure eziphethwini ezishisayo, i-bleach, i-chlorine emachibini okubhukuda, noma umjuluko, ngeke ithinteke, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukugqoka ubucwebe be-platinum ngokuzethemba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igqokwa isikhathi eside kangakanani, iplatinamu ingahlala igcina ukucwebezela kwayo kwemvelo okumsulwa okumsulwa futhi ayisoze yabuna.

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2021